1.2 CPU212的結構及工作原理
CPU212的工作原理是建立在下列單元的基上的：*，程序存儲器中存儲用戶程序；第二，處理器周期性掃描程序，即在一個周期開始時，處理器將所有的輸入端的信號讀入，存儲于過程輸入映象寄存器(PII)，然后，在內部計數器、位存儲器和定時器的控制下逐步掃描程序，接著處理器將新的信號狀態和過程輸出到映象寄存器(PIQ)中，并從這里傳送到輸出端。CPU212的結構及工作原理示意圖如圖2所示。
1.3 CPU212的外部特征
CPU212外部包括輸入點、輸出點、編程口、面版狀態指示燈。CPU是PLC的大腦，它根據編制的應用程序作出相應的決定，而輸入/輸出是PLC的控制點。輸入用于監視現場裝置，如開關、傳感器等，輸出用于控制其它裝置，如電機、泵、開關等；編程口用于連接編程裝置，如一臺計算機或手持編程器等。要裝載SETP7－MICRO/DOS軟件才能對CPU212進行編程。由于CPU212的編程口傳輸信號采用的是RS－485標準，而計算機串行通訊口采用的是RS－232標準，因此連接時需要使用PC/PPI電纜將CPU212和計算機連接起來。由于PC/PPI電纜自帶轉換器，可完成兩種不同標準信號的轉換。如圖3所示。

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CPU212的面板狀態指示燈用于顯示CPU的運行方式和I/O狀態。所有狀態指示燈每秒刷新多次，并用于指示CPU212內部診斷測試結果。I/O指示燈用于指示傳感器輸入狀態和CPU控制的輸出狀態(導通則亮)。如圖4所示。
若I/O點未接，在通電時只有CPU狀態指示燈顯示CPU運行方式。當系統出現內部錯誤時，紅色的SF指示燈亮，此時應切斷電源，清除故障。